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General Information



Gene_Symbol Gene_ID Gene_Name Chromosome Alias
PTGS2 5743 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)  1COX2; COX-2; PHS-2; PGG/HS; PGHS-2; hCox-2; GRIPGHS 







  • Evidence
  • Gene
  • mRNA
  • CDS
  • Protein
  • PTM
  • Enzyme
  • PPi
  • Pathway
  • Structural
  • Domain
  • Ontology
  • SNP
  • Drug
  • External Links



Evidence Information


Pubmed ID Year Sample Information Techniques Mechanism Fold Change Remark
22885178   2012Cell line : DiFi, LS 174T, CaCo 2, SW 480, HT 29, SW 613 and HCT 116

Source : -

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : -

Stage : -

Cell extracts, Metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation, MatrigelTM and invasion assaysActivation-Activation of COX-2 signaling especially in cancer associated fibroblasts promotes progression of colonic cancer.

COX-2 signaling can be activated by DCA in both normal and cancer associated fibroblasts, the level of activation of COX-2 signaling is significantly greater in cancer associated fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts.

22751903   2012Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : -

Stage : -

GenotypingPolymorhpism-Rectal cancer risk was inversely associated with a low inflammation score among PTGS2 rs4648276 (3,934 T > C) variant allele carriers.

22929917   2012Cell line : -

Source : Departments of Surgery and Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia.

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : 94 patients with CRC

Stage : -

PCR-RFLPPolymorhpism-COX-2 polymorphism revealed GG in 62.5%, GC in 26.2 % and CC genotype was found in 11.3 % of cases.

19205707   2009Cell line : -

Source : Utah, the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP), and the Twin Cities Metropolitan area of Minnesota(colon cancer study only).

Sample Type : Population-based case-control studies

No. of Sample : Colon case 1,574 and rectal cancer case 79) and controls 2,969

Stage : -

SNP genotyping,Multiple logistic regression modelsPolymorhpism-C allele of COX2 8473 T > C polymorphism may interact with NSAIDs to reduce risk for colorectal adenoma.

11900248   2001Cell line : -

Source : National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : 80 CRC patients

Stage : -

-Up-regulation-Recent studies in humans indicate that therapy with specific COX-2 inhibitors might be an effective approach to colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.

COX-2, can be used as a molecular target that involved in tumour promotion during colorectal cancer progression.

22553404   2012Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : -

Stage : -

 ImmunohistochemistryUp-regulation-Cox-2 expression seems to provide useful prognostic information in CRC, while predicting the patients at high risk for recurrent disease.

Tumors with high COX-2 expression showed a higher recurrence rate than tumors with no expression .

23898071   2013Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : CRC tumor and normal tissue

No. of Sample : 60 Normal colorectal mucosa and paired cancerous tissue of CRC

Stage : -

Immunohistochemistry Up-regulation-COX-2 expression has shown a significant correlation with tumor stage and hence is assumed to be a prognostic factor in our cohort of colorectal cancer patients.

24383454   2014Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : CRC tumor and normal tissue

No. of Sample : 128

Stage : TNM Stage II, III,IV

real time RT-PCRUp-regulation-Levels of COX-2 mRNA are found over-expressed in almost 80% of the colorectal tumors, compared to paired adjacent normal colorectal mucosa, suggesting a role of COX-2 as a potential biomarker for cancer risk, whereas inhibitors of COX-2 could be of value in chemoprevention of colon cancer.

15754389   2005Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : CRC tumor and normal tissue

No. of Sample : 605 CRC Patients

Stage : -

ImmunohistochemistryUp-regulation-Cyclooxygenase-2 may be associated with tumor progression by modulating the angiogenesis and cancer cell motility and invasive potential in colorectal cancer and it can be used as a possible biomarker.

Among 128 cases of colorectal cancer, 87 (67.9%) were positive for cyclooxygenase-2. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, stage of disease, and metastasis (lymph node and liver).

23629521   2013Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : -

No. of Sample : 128 CRC cases

Stage : -

real timeRT- PCR (MethyLight), ImmunohistochemistryUp-regulation-Immunohistochemical PTGS2 expression in colorectal carcinoma may serve as a predictive biomarker in pathology practice, which may predict stronger benefit from exercise.

12800231   2003Cell line : -

Source : -

Sample Type : Colonoscopy-based case-control study

No. of Sample : 162 sporadic colorectal adenoma cases and 211 controls

Stage : -

ImmunohistochemistryUp-regulation-Cyclooxygenase-2 may be associated with tumor progression by madulating the angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissue and used as a possible biomarker.

Among 128 cases of colorectal cancer, 87 were positive for cyclooxygenase-2 (67.9 %), and 49 for VEGF (38.3 %), respectively


Gene Details



Chromosome: 1; NC_000001.10 (186640944..186649559, complement)

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Gene Type protein coding
Gene Family -
Description Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]  
Chromosome 1
Location 1q25.2-q25
Start 186671812  
End 186680427  
Strand -  
Gene Sequence

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Length 8616  
OMIM ID 600262   
HGNC ID HGNC:9605   
Unigene ID Hs.196384    
Ensembl ID ENSG00000073756   
PharmGKB ID PA293   

mRNA Information


mRNA ID NM_000963.3
Exon join(1..189,990..1106,1227..1370,2024..2167,2598..2779, 3512..3595,3715..3961,4244..4530,5032..5179,5666..8616)  
mRNA Sequence

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Length 4507  



CDS Information


   
Location join(138..189,990..1106,1227..1370,2024..2167,2598..2779, 3512..3595,3715..3961,4244..4530,5032..5179,5666..6075)
CDS Sequence

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CCDS ID CCDS1371.1



Protein Information


      
Protein IDNP_000954.1
Protein NameProstaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
Molecular Wt. (Da)66643
Protein Sequence

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Length 604  
Uniprot IDP07333
Ensembl Protein ID ENSP00000286301  



Post-translational Modification Information (Source : HPRD)


No matching records could be found.

Enzyme Information


   
EC1.14.99.1
Nameprostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
prostaglandin synthase
prostaglandin G/H synthase
(PG)H synthase
PG synthetase
prostaglandin synthetase
fatty acid cyclooxygenase
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase
ClassOxidoreductases; Acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2; Miscellaneous
Sysname(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase  
Substratearachidonate [CPD:C00219]; AH2 [CPD:C00030]; O2  
Productprostaglandin H2 [CPD:C00427]; A [CPD:C00028]; H2O  
Reaction (IUBMB)



PPi Information


(Click to view network : Source STRING)      View   

               
Interactant Gene ID (Source: HPRD) Gene Symbol HPRD ID Ref Seq ID Technique References
7157TP531859NP_000537.3in vivo11687965   


Pathway Information


                                                                                          
Pathway Name Pathway ID
Arachidonic acid metabolism hsa00590
Chemical carcinogenesis hsa05204
Leishmaniasis hsa05140
Metabolic pathways hsa01100
MicroRNAs in cancer hsa05206
NF-kappa B signaling pathway hsa04064
Ovarian steroidogenesis hsa04913
Oxytocin signaling pathway hsa04921
Pathways in cancer hsa05200
Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes hsa04923
Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling hsa04723
Serotonergic synapse hsa04726
Small cell lung cancer hsa05222
TNF signaling pathway hsa04668
VEGF signaling pathway hsa04370


Structure Information


No matching records could be found.

Domain Information




ID Location Description
cd0981675-562  prostaglandin_endoperoxide_synthase
cl1456175-562  An_peroxidase_like superfamily
cd0005419-54  EGF_CA
cl2150419-54  EGF_CA superfamily
cd05396212-557  An_peroxidase_like
cd09818157-507  PIOX_like
cd09823208-508  peroxinectin_like
cd09822174-508  peroxinectin_like_bacterial
cd09817147-500  linoleate_diol_synthase_like
PLN02283129-497  PLN02283
cd09820219-496  dual_peroxidase_like
cd09826207-507  peroxidasin_like
cd09825208-335  thyroid_peroxidase
cd09824282-389  myeloperoxidase_like
cd09821283-493  An_peroxidase_bacterial_2
pfam0000822-53  EGF
pfam03098122-560  An_peroxidase


Ontology Information


   
HPRD ID340
Molecular ClassEnzyme: Synthase
Molecular FunctionExtracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201)
Biological ProcessCell growth and/or maintenance (GO:0008151)  



SNP Information


View SNP Geneview Report   

Drug Information


Uniprot ID DrugBank ID Name Type
P35354DB00005EtanerceptBiotechDrug
P35354DB00035DesmopressinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00041AldesleukinBiotechDrug
P35354DB00250DapsoneSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00360TetrahydrobiopterinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00515CisplatinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00620TriamcinoloneSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00720ClodronateSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00773EtoposideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00856ChlorphenesinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00884RisedronateSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00887BumetanideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00963BromfenacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01041ThalidomideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01050IbuprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01395DrospirenoneSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB06774CapsaicinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB06804Nonoxynol-9SmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB08819TafluprostSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00154Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00159IcosapentSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00233Aminosalicylic AcidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00244MesalazineSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00316AcetaminophenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00328IndomethacinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00461NabumetoneSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00465KetorolacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00469TenoxicamSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00480LenalidomideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00482CelecoxibSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00500TolmetinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00554PiroxicamSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00573FenoprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00586DiclofenacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00605SulindacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00712FlurbiprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00749EtodolacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00784Mefenamic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00788NaproxenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00795SulfasalazineSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00812PhenylbutazoneSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00814MeloxicamSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00821CarprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00861DiflunisalSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00870SuprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00936Salicylic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00939Meclofenamic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00945Acetylsalicylic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00963BromfenacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB00991OxaprozinSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01009KetoprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01014BalsalazideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01041ThalidomideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01050IbuprofenSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01283LumiracoxibSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01397Magnesium salicylateSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01398Salicylate-sodiumSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01399SalsalateSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01401Trisalicylate-cholineSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01404GinsengSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01419AntrafenineSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01435AntipyrineSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01600Tiaprofenic acidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB01628EtoricoxibSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB04552Niflumic AcidSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB04743NimesulideSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB06725LornoxicamSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB06802NepafenacSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB08439ParecoxibSmallMoleculeDrug
P35354DB08910PomalidomideSmallMoleculeDrug

External Links


                                 
ArrayExpressGO
ICGCGO
Cancer3DGO
COSMICGO
NCGGO
TSGeneGO
Tumor Gene Family of DatabasesGO
CCDBGO
G2SBCGO
Osteosarcoma DatabaseGO
RCDBGO